Nginx reverse proxy allow only authenticated users to spring boot api

I have a task of replacing Zuul reverse proxy with Nginx.
Security in Zuul proxy is implemented with implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security'

@EnableWebSecurity
class ZuulSecurity(...) : WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter() {
    override fun configure(http: HttpSecurity) {
        http.csrf().disable().httpBasic().disable()
                .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.NEVER)
                .sessionFixation().changeSessionId()
                .and().authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers(*dennyPatterns).denyAll()
                .antMatchers(*loginPatterns).permitAll()
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
                .and().formLogin().loginPage(loginUrl)
    }
}

Spring boot api services are protected in similar way with @EnableWebSecurity

I replace Zuul reverse proxy with Nginx as reverse proxy.

How can I enforce security on Nginx, so that no unathenticated request is proxy_pass'ed to backend api servcies? - Other words, I would like to validate on Nginx if request is made by an authenticated user (with some exception for loginPatterns urls). Which one of nginx/admin-guide/security-controls should I study?

I have done it with configuring-subrequest-authentication/